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No. 20/2021 (May 17, 2021)
Less electronic waste? Transistors for recycling.
Engineers at American Duke University have developed the world's first printed electronics that are fully recyclable. The researchers have printed the transistor using carbon based ink. The new generation of recyclable electronics will help combat the growing global epidemic of electronic waste.
Transistors can be easily printed on paper or other flexible, environmentally friendly media. Carbon nanotubes and graphene inks are used in semiconductors and conductors, respectively. And while these materials are not new to the world of printed electronics, the path to recyclability was opened with the development of an insulating wood-based dielectric ink called nanocellulose. The material is biodegradable. People have long known about its potential uses as an insulator in electronics, but no one had previously figured out how to use it for printing ink. It is one of the keys to making these fully recyclable devices functional. The researchers developed a method to suspend nanocellulose crystals that were extracted from wood fibers. Then, when sprinkled with a little table salt, they yield an ink that works brilliantly as an insulator in printed transistors. Using the three inks in an aerosol printer at room temperature, the team of researchers have demonstrated that their all-carbon transistors worked well enough to be used in a wide variety of applications, even six months after printing.
Compared to a resistor or capacitor, a transistor is a relatively complex computer component. Professor Franklin explains that by demonstrating a fully recyclable multifunctional printed transistor, he hopes to take the first step towards commercial simple device technology.
As people around the world bring more and more electronics into their lives, the pile of discarded devices that either no longer work or have been discarded in favor of a newer model continues to grow. The United Nations estimates that less than a quarter of the electronics thrown away each year are recycled. And the problem will only grow as the world transitions to 5G devices and the Internet of Things (IoT) grows at an even faster pace.
LTE signal repater.
The Signal GDW-505 A6777 repeater/amplifier is used to amplify EGSM, GSM, DCS, WCDMA, and LTE signals and bring them indoors. The device is ideal for locations , where the range of a cellular network allows for use of mobile phones out of buildings, but is insufficient for indoor operation. An example may be a place located far from the transmitter or a building with thick walls, cellars (coffee shops) or modern windows with panes of covered with metallic compounds.The repeater operates in the following bands: 880-915, 925-960 MHz (EGSM + GSM), 1710-1785, 1805-1880 MHz (DCS), 1920-1980, 2110-2170 MHz (WCDMA) – LTE signal is amplified in the bands: 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz. The repeater has all required certificates and, most importantly, meets the ETSI 303 609 standard required for this type of equipment.
LTE repeater installation in a single-family house
How to enable remote viewing of Hik-Connect video on a computer?
For remote viewing of video on a computer from devices connected to the Hik-Connect cloud, installation of CMS software supporting this feature is required, e.g. iVMS-4200.
The iVMS-4200 button connecting the app to Hik-Connect
To add device support from the cloud, simply log in to your account. The devices connected to the account will be automatically added to the list of devices managed by the cloud, offering the following functions: live viewing (multiple channels simultaneously), PTZ control, digital zoom, eavesdropping, archive playback and alarm notification support (zone violation, line crossing, etc.).
Cable flammability class - index of toxic gas emission during a fire.
Most of the materials used for cable sheath are combustible polymers (flammable or flame retardant). Polyvinyl chloride is the most popular electrical insulating material. Without special additives, it is flammable and causes flame propagation. In case of fire, thermal degradation processes occur, which may be accompanied by flame spread and emission of decomposition products, including smoke. About 60% of the mass of polyvinyl chloride is chlorine, a highly poisonous gas used as a warfare weapon in World War I. Chlorine is a chemical element in group 17 of the periodic table (a halogen), which also includes astatine, bromine, fluorine and iodine. Overheated PVC (polyvinyl chloride) decomposes releasing chlorine (Cl) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) which forms hydrochloric acid when combined with water. During normal use of the system, as the materials mentioned age without exceeding their maximum allowable operating temperature, these processes occur very slowly. When the decomposition temperature of 200-300°C is exceeded (under fire conditions), pyrolysis of polyvinyl chloride (thermal decomposition of a chemical compound by breaking up molecules of higher molecular weight into smaller ones) intensifies.
The following diagram shows the emission of toxic and corrosive gases such as HCl, for cables manufactured with PVC and LSZH (LS0H) sheath during the combustion process.
With the introduction of the common European reaction to fire classes, designers and architects have at hand clear regulations regarding the use of the appropriate types of cables. Where greater safety in the event of fire is required (high-rise residential buildings), it is recommended to use cables with an LSZH (LS0H) sheath - this means cables with the Dca class or higher. In such facilities, the flammability parameters of cables with the Eca class are insufficient. Within escape routes, cables with the class B2ca are used.
More on the choice of cables according to flammability class can be found here
![Coaxial cable (75 ohm, class A+): TRISET PLUS Dca LSZH<br />1,13/4,8/6,8 110 dB [100m]](https://static.dipol.com.pl/images/cz/pict/e1016_100.jpg)
High quality TRISET PLUS coaxial cable is E1016_100 dedicated for both, individual and community antenna systems. The cable is made with the LSZH (LS0H) sheath - halogen-free insulation, Dca class. It is used in places where it is required to ensure higher safety in case of fire (high-rise and apartment buildings, commercial buildings). It can be used for distribution of DVB-T/ T2, FM/DAB, DVB-S/S2 broadcasts (also in multiswitch systems).
Setting the language and changing time in the devices of IP/2-Wire Hikvision video intercom system using iVMS-4200.
By default, all devices dedicated to the video door entry systems have the English language and time zone and manufacturer's time (China) set on the device. To change the language and time settings on an outdoor or indoor station of an IP/2-Wire video intercom system, after adding them to the iVMS-4200 application, go to the Device Management -> Remote Settings tab of the respective device (the sprocket button in the action tab), and then after logging into the devices, perform the configuration as follows.Monitors: DS-KH6320-WTEx, DS-KH8350-WTEx
- System -> System Maintenance, select the language, eg. Polish and Save (the device will reboot),
- System -> Time, select time zone, eg. GMT+1 and click the Save tab. Then set the synchronization with the NTP server or click Synchronization to synchronize the time with your computer.
IP Villa door/gate stations: DS-KV8X13-WME1, DS-KV6113-WPE1
- Configuration -> System -> System Settings -> Basic Information, change language to e.g. Polish, confirm with Save (the device will reboot),
- Configuration -> System -> System Settings -> Time Settings, select time zone, e.g. GMT+1, select the Manual time sync -> Sync. with computer time and Save the settings. You can also set time synchronization with an NTP server.
Modular (IP and 2-Wire) and Villa (B) door/gate station: DS-KD8003-IMEx, DS-KV8X13-WME1(B)
- Configuration -> System -> System Settings -> Basic Information, change language to e.g. Polish, confirm with Save (the device will reboot),
- Configuration -> System -> System Settings -> Time Settings, select time zone, e.g. GMT+1. Select Manual Time Sync// and Sync. with computer time and confirm with Save/// to save the settings and synchronize the time with your computer. You can also set time synchronization with an NTP server.
Example of setting the time at the DS-KD8003-IME1 door station
Direct burial fiber optic cable.
DAC, i.e. Direct Access Cables can be buried in the ground without the use of additional protective conduits. In this case, they are exposed to external factors: freezing and thawing of the ground, movements caused by cyclical vibrations of e.g. vehicles, infiltration of rain water into the ground, etc. DAC cables have sheaths made of high density polyethylene (HDPE). It makes them rigid and highly resistant to mechanical damage (crush resistance - 4000 N). Two FRP rods of 0.9 mm in diameter additionally protect the cable against breaking. These cables have so called Water Block (WB) design which blocks the internal flow of water along the cable.
L79202 direct access cable (DAC)
Read more about this and other fiber optic cable types in our Fiber optic cables guide.
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IP camera signal in a DTT antenna system
