The first bidirectional, adaptive brain-computer interface.

Chinese scientists from Tsinghua and Tianjin Universities have made a breakthrough in the field of brain-computer interfaces (BCI). They have created the world's first bidirectional adaptive system, which significantly increases efficiency and paves the way for practical applications. According to their research, the developed system is up to 100 times more efficient than traditional BCI.

The researchers discovered that brain signals change as a result of interaction with traditional devices. This led them to create a feedback system using a memristor circuit, which, thanks to its neural architecture and energy efficiency, was ideally suited for this purpose. This system works on the basis of two feedback loops. The first one, the machine learning loop, updates the brainwave decoder and enables it to adapt to changes in brain signals. The second one, the brain learning loop, helps the user improve control through real-time feedback. Thanks to the use of feedback, the device is able to recognize a greater number of brain wave patterns, which allows the user to perform more complex tasks.

China, alongside the USA and Europe, plays a key role in the development of BCI technology. Meanwhile, companies such as Elon Musk's Neuralink are focusing on invasive brain implants. Chinese scientists have made significant progress in the field of non-invasive and adaptive interfaces. Originally, this technology was developed for people with disabilities, but today it is used in games, hands-free drone control and other interactive technologies. The developers claim that their innovation could soon be integrated into medical and consumer devices such as wearable gadgets and portable electronics.

Export of recordings from Sunell DVR.

Recordings from Sunell DVR can be ripped in several ways. The first is to use the local recorder interface – all you need to do is connect a USB flash drive to the device. Another is to use a web browser or CMS application.

Thanks to local access, the export process is faster and the user can choose the recording format. By default, mp4, avi, and a private format (mp4 with additional analytics tags and a watermark) are available.
When we decide to export via a browser or CMS, the recordings are saved in mp4 format in a local folder of our choice (we can easily check its location by going to settings and the local tabs).

View of the browser interface of the Sunell recorder

There are three main ways to record:

1. Backup (scissors): on the material being played back, just click the scissors icon. The first click starts recording, and dragging the cursor allows you to select the end. The icon changes to a floppy disk symbol, clicking it confirms the end of the recording.
2. Batch backup: in the table, you can individually select the start and end of the recording and select multiple channels that you want to back up.
3. Playback from events: select cameras, specify the time period and date range to locate the events of interest for playback.

Fiber-optic transmission of terrestrial DVB-T2 and satellite DVB-S/S2 television signals – OTM302T 6F31 TERRA transmitter.

The transmission of DVB-T2 and DVB-S/S2 signals via fiber optics enables the efficient transmission of television signals over long distances with minimal loss of quality. In the case of DVB-T2, the terrestrial television signal is converted into an optical form and transmitted via a single-mode optical fiber to optical receivers, which eliminates the attenuation problems associated with traditional transmission based solely on 75 Ohm coaxial cables. Similarly, the DVB-S/S2 signal, which is normally received from a satellite, can be transmitted via optical fiber after prior conversion, which enables its distribution in multi-family buildings, hotels or broadcasting centers without the need to install multiple satellite antennas. This technology, utilizing optical transmitters and fiber optic receivers, ensures stable and high-quality TV signal transmission while reducing signal loss without the need for additional amplifiers.

DIPOL offers now the TERRA OTM302T 6F31 E A3030 optical transmitter, which is equipped with a 6 dBm FP laser and transmits at a wavelength of 1310 nm. OTM302T 6F31 E A3030 has been equipped with an additional function, thanks to which fiber optic transmission does not require the use of the DTT MCA101T TERRA R82101 transmitter, as was the case with the OTF302 6F31 E A3031 transmitter.

Optical transmitter OTM302T 6F31 E A3030 by TERRA

Below, you can see an example of a TV/SAT system in a multi-family house for one satellite position. In the next issue, we will show a solution for RF/SAT signal transmission for two satellite positions. This solution can be used in buildings where the distances between the antenna set and the server room are more than several dozen meters or when you need to replace the main cable trunk line with a single fiber optic cable.

Diagram of a two-wire video intercom based on Hikvision's 2-Wire HD system.

The 2-Wire HD video intercom system from the EY series is the perfect solution when upgrading an old intercom or video intercom system that uses a straight or paired cable as the communication bus. In this system, communication and powering of devices such as door stations or monitors is done using DS-KAD7060EY G74828 and DS-KAD7061EY G74830 distributors. This is a Plug & Play system, which, once the devices are properly addressed and configured using the switches on their backsides and powered up, the whole thing starts working. Additional configuration is possible through the door station using AP (Access Point) mode. Remote operation of the system via the Hik-Connect application is possible, when using indoor monitors with WiFi interface. An additional advantage of the door station's main module is the possibility of fitting 1-2 call buttons or a blanking plug, e.g. if the ringing function is provided by an additional module.

The following is an example diagram, in which DS-KD7003EY-IME2/A G73647 door station DS-KH7300EY-WTE2 G74026 and DS-KH7300EY-WTE2 G74026 main monitors are connected to DS-KAD7060EY G74828 power distributor. Connected to the door station is the DS-KD-TDM module G73671 which has a Mifare tag reader, an occupant list and a numeric keypad allowing the selection of the occupant number and the use of a code lock. The DS-KH7300EY-WTE2/White G74027 extension monitors are connected to the main monitors in the homes.

Example diagram using the Hikvision 2-Wire HD video door intercom system from the EY series

The attenuation of the connection is not everything – the reflectance of the fiber optic connector.

Reflectometric measurement provides a range of information about the measured line. One of the measured parameters is the so-called reflectance of a given incident analyzed in the case of reflective elements: connectors and mechanical splices among others. By definition, reflectance is the ratio of the power reflected by an object to the power incident on that object, expressed in decibels. Since the power of the reflected signal will always be less than the power of the incident signal, reflectance values will take on negative values.

The concept of reflectance is often confused with the so-called return loss (RL). The definition of this parameter is virtually identical, taking into account the minus sign: RL = -10log (Podb/Pwe) describing the value of attenuation to which the reflected signal is subjected in a sense.

For example, according to IEC 61300-3-6, the best connectors (the so-called "Grade 1") should have a minimum reflective attenuation of 60 dB. The higher the value, the better. This corresponds to reflectance values of -60 dB and lower. The lower the value, the better. This means that the power of the reflected signal is a million times less than the power of the signal incident on the connector!

Reflectance/reflection attenuation phenomenon also affects the end of a fiber optic line. If it is terminated with a connector, the reflectance of the end of the line may be slightly higher than the reflectance of a typical connection of the type (described above). However, if the measurement is made on a cut fiber, it will definitely be better if it is cut “just right” rather than perfectly with a guillotine. A perfectly even cut will result in a large reflection of light from the surface of the fiber face (a typical reflectance of -14 dB means that about 4% of the incident light is reflected), which can adversely affect the entire measurement.

Large signal reflections in the network can effectively disrupt its operation. Especially sensitive to such phenomena are systems operating in the 3rd transmission window (1550 nm), and passive optical networks that use high-power lasers. Therefore, it is worth keeping in mind that during a reflectometric measurement it is important to pay attention not only to the attenuation of the measured line.

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Family of RG-6 cables by TRISET-302. The TRISET-302 cable family is a new series of high-quality RG-6 coaxial cables designed for the transmission of DVB-T2 television and DVB-S/S2 satellite signals. They are characterized by low attenuation, high resistance to interference and a robust design making them an excellent choice for small home systems and professional multi-user systems. They are Tri-Shield cables with A+ shielding and a 1.02 mm copper core. There are indoor cables with different classes of reaction to fire: TRISET-302 Eca E1005_250, TRISET-302 Dca E1006_500, TRISET-302 B2ca E1007_500 and outdoor cable TRISET-302 Fca E1008_250...>>>more

Sunell cameras – advanced features at an affordable price